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vt介绍(vt划分标准)

来源: 时间:2023-06-08 10:14:29

  vt(及物动词)是需要支配一个直接主词和一个或一个以上宾语的动词,在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成及物动词与不及物动词,及物动词可直接跟宾语。 所谓“及物”,“及”有“从后头跟上、达到、关联”等意,“及物”说明需要带“物”来完成一个动作,这个动作是有对象的,这个对象就是它后面要加的宾语,也就是通常意义上的宾语,一般后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式。

  中文名:及物动词

  用法:后面可直接跟宾语

  词性:动词

  不及物:vi

  外文名:transitive verb

  相对词:不及物动词

  简写:vt

  语系:英语

  vt划分标准

  英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。

  及物动词和不及物动词的区别在于所带的宾语不同。不及物动词只能带准宾语(动量宾语,时量宾语和数量宾语)。

  解析

  不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语。例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth。(不能说跑什么东西,但run指运作时是及物动词,例如:He is running this program now) 分清及物不及物动词: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:

  及物动词的主要用法

  及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:\"主+谓+宾\";\"主+谓+双宾\";\"主+谓+宾+宾补\"结构。如:

  He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

  Please hand me the book over there.

  They asked me to go fishing with them.

  类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,get,found,like,,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell....

  作不及物的动词

  不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:\"主+谓\"结构。

  This is the room where I once lived.

  类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed....

  两用且意义不同的动词

  如begin 都是作\"开始\"讲。everybody,our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve....

  这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的\"消散\"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是\"升高;举起\"。

  He lifted his glass and drank.

  类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲,揍,打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

  play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅

  ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)

  hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作

  在英语语法错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:

  如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行(不及物动词+介词+宾语),如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;

  *③a. The children are listening the music.

  b. The children are listening to the music.

  *④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

  b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

  反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和⑥:

  ⑤ John is giving a book to me.

  ⑥ Who will answer this question?

  如果无意中把介词加上,就不正确了,如:

  *⑦ Who will answer to this question?

  下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:

  “We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

  “awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting”也行。

  许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:

  ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

  ⑨ In our education system,we stress upon examination results.

  ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

  显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。

  错误

  ● The young must obey to their elders.

  ● Don't approach to that odd-looking man.

  ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

  ● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

  ● When did Susan marry with Paul?

  介词“to,on,for,with”都要去掉才对。

  为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。

  第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:

  ① I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

  ② He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

  第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:

  ① Don't approach such a person.

  ②Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?

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